Từ điển Hán Nôm

(1) particle indicating that a previously asked question is to be applied to the preceding word ("What about ...?", "And ...?")
(2) particle for inquiring about location ("Where is ...?")
(3) particle signaling a pause, to emphasize the preceding words and allow the listener time to take them on board ("ok?", "are you with me?")
(4) (at the end of a declarative sentence) particle indicating continuation of a state or action
(5) particle indicating strong affirmation